Pneumatic tire.



Jona r. ram/1ER, or RIVERSIDE, ILL'INoIs.

PNEUMATIC TIRE.

Specification of Letters Patent,

Patented Jan. 6, 1914.

Application tiled August 7,-1911. Serial No. 642,752.

To CIZZ echo/2i, it muy concern Be it known that I, JOHN I". PALMER, a. citizen of thc United States, residing at Riverside, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in lneumatic Tires, of which the following is a. specication.

My invention relates in general to pneumatic tires, and more particularly to tire4 casings for inelosing inner tubes of the type of tires known .as double-tube tires In order that a pneumatic tire may withstand the great pressure of the air contained therein and the shocks incident to the usage of such tires, it is necessary to embed in thc rubber of the tire a strain resisting fabric to prevent the distortion of the. tire and maintain it in its normal symmetrical form, A strain resist-ing fabric in order to have the required lexibilit and at the-same time the necessary stre'igti must be composed of layers of fabric .securely connected to cach other bythe rubber of the tire or some analogous means. One of the greatest difficulties encountered in tbc manufacture of pneuina-tic tire casings is to provide a construction of strain resisting fabric in which each .layer and each member of each layer will bear its proportion of strain and notbecome separated when the tire is subjected to the varied conditions incidentto its use.

The separation of the layers of the strain resisting fabric, which results in the rapid destruction of the tire, is due to unequal strains imposed upon the different layers. and the unequal tension of the members of the layers. lVhen the cord, thread, or the aggregation of the cords or 'threads forming bands, composing the members of a, layer of fabric` extend around the tread and sides of the tire in parallel separate superposed layers, the inner layer is directly subjected to the pressure of the contained air, and the outer layers atiord the resistance against which the contained air forces the inner layers, which tends to produce unequal or unbalanced strains and inequalities in tension on the different layers and members of the layers with consequent movement and damage, and possible separation.

I have discovered that a morejperfcct balancing of the strains upon the layersiof fabric, dtie to the 'contained air pressure and to the compression and expansion of a tire in usage, may be obtained if the fabric is not arranged in superposed parallel layers,

)y arranging the strain resist-ing fabric in.

layers intersecting longitudinally of the tire, which in the embodiment of my invention herein 'disclosed is attained by interweaving the threads, cords or bands forming adjacent layers. of fabric alonga longitudinal line intermediate 'of the two edges ofthe casing. Thelayers are therefore symmetri'- cally arranged and each is subjected to' the same pressure and strains, and a balance of resistance to strains is maintained. In other words, the balance of resistance' to internal strain is maintained equal in fact and effect as regards rim contact, as each layer of the strain resisting fabric adjacent to the outside edge of the rim on one side approaches the tire edge from the inside on the other.

The primary object of my invention is to provide a tire casing of the type having a` thread, cord, band, kor web strain resisting fabric, in which the strain imposed on the members com osing the fabricvwill be bal? anccd or equa ly distributed so as to realize the maximum strength and durability and minimize the liability of separation of the layers of the fabric, ,by utilizing the pressure of the contained air to strengthen the frict-ional resist-ance to the separation of the layers of fabric.

-Ji A further object of my invention is to provide a pneumatic tire casing which will possess maximum durability and efficiency.

My invention will be more fully disclosed hereinafter with reference to lthe accompanying drawings, in which the same is illustrated as embodied in a convenient and practical form, and in Which- Figure 1 is a plan view showing the arrangement of the strain resisting fabric; Fig. 2, a cross sectional view through 'a tire embodying my invent-ion; and Fig. 3, a. per. spective diagrammatic View of the arrangemont of the layers of strain resisting fabric.

The .same reference characters are used to designate the same parts in the several gures of the drawings.

Reference character A indicates a. pneumatic tire easing inwhich are arranged ad want-intersecting layers o f strain resisting -v fabric, that other members,

. thread, etc., not initially formed into bands,

upon which the tire is mounted.

across Athe tire tread the opposite .edge of band B extends from its starting' point be- 'tudinal center cfthe tire-casing and thence vwithin the bands B at o ne side-of the casing of the casing..

center of the tire. '50

' other layer of the strain similarly arranged, butextendinitially from ',until the points at the right of the figurcl or intersecting layers.

fabric, one -layer being composed of-bands B Vresisting fabric consists of vadjacent inter-. and the other layer of bands C. It will O secting or interlaced layers, the intersection course be understood that while I have being formed longitudinally of the tire shown bands formed of cord or thread as and intermediate of the side edges by reason the members composing the strain resisting of the interlacing of the bands, cords, or such as cord, threads constituting the members of which the layers of strain resisting fabric-are formed. It is obvious that the layers so formed are symmetrical, eachlayer lying` Within the other layer'at corresponding sides of the tire casing, and outside of the other In the embodiment of my invention herelayer at the opposite 'corresponding sides in disclosed, the bands B constituting the of the tire casing. The pressure of the conmexnbers f one layer of the fabric extend tained air is therefore exerted uniformly from adjacentto one edgeof the tire casing to points tangent to the tire casing and then again across the tread where they terminate adjacent to the first inner edge of the casing. -The bands C which form the resisting fabric are may be employed in practically embodying my invention.

D indicates an A inner tube and E a rim by balancing the strains to which they are subjected and maintaining them in normal condition. The pressure of the air exerted more. directly against the inner portions of the la ers forces them outwardly against the outer layers, which are connected tothe inner edges of creasing the frictional-resistance to the separation of the two layers.

While I prefer to practically embody my invention in the form illustrated in the drawings, in 'which the individual bands are of such length as to extend twice across the tread ofthe tire and to lie tangential to the inner edge of the casing intermediate o the points where they cross the tire', yet it will be understood that my invention is capable of adjacent to the opposite inner edge of the tire casing across' the tread of the tire to' points tangent to the .opposite inner edge of the casing and thence again across the tire tread where they terminate-adjacent to the first inner edge of the casing. Each neath the bands C t0 a point at the longiextends to the outside of the succeeding bands C and overlies the same throughout its`portion. which extends to the opposite forms than that herein illustrated and deinner edge ofthe tire and back again tov-scribed the longitudinal center of the tread whenc In the preferred embodiment of my4 init lies beneath the bands C to its terminavention, the portions of the bandswhich lie tion adjacent to the'first inner edge of the tangential to the inner edges of the casing casing.- n serve to form a continuous ring of fabric Thev bands C are around the entire circumference of the inf manner, that is, ea ner edges of, the-tire, thus providing a secure attachment of the casing to the rim Without extraneous devices. In-the preferred embodiment of my invention illustrated in the drawing in Whic the strain resisting fabric consists of members extending across the tread at their ends and lying tangent to the inner edge of the casing intermediate of their ends, the ends embodiment in other specific arranged in a similar l1 of such bands lies and outside of the bands B at the other side As will readily be observed from Fig. 1, the successive bands B and C are interlaced along the longitudinal center of. the casing so as to form two layers.

of fabric intersecting at the longitudinal Each layer so formed lies outside of the adjacent layer at one side of the tireand inside of the same layer at terlaeed Where they cross the tread, a baltheother side of the tire.' ance of resistance is obtained to longitudi- The laying of the bands B is continued nal strains as Well as to transverse strains. progressively around the tire until the point In other words, the inte'rlacing of :he ends at the circumference of the casing .Where of the members in adjacent laversV causes the laying commenced is again reached, that the members in one layer to resist the 1onis, the arrangement upon the members of the bands shown in gitudinal strains imposed Fig. .-1 will be continued around the tire in the other layer.

IVhile I have described more or less preare reached, so that there will be two double i cisely the details of construction,

gwish to be understood as limiting myself description it Will be l thereto, as I contemplate changes in iorm and the proportion of parts and the sabstitution of equivalents as circumstareffs From the foregoing observed that I have .invented an improved pneumatic tire. casing 1n which the strain and' evenly uponA both of the layers, therelill? lili* I do notmay suggest or render expedient without 'I claim:

A pneumatic tire czising comprising 'af strain resisting'r fabric composed of members arranged in layers, the members of one layer connecting separated tread points and intermediate'of the connected tread points lying tangent to one inner edgeof the casing, and the members of the other layer connecting separated tread points and intermediate of the connected tread points 1ying tangent to the other inner edge of the casing, themembers of the two layers being interlaced along'the tread of the tire'oasing so that the portions of the members of each layer which are tangent to the side edges of the casing will occupy an outer plane overlying the extremities of the members ot' the other layer.

In testimony whereof, I have subscribed my name.

JOHN F. PALMER.

. Witnesses:

, HENRY A. PARKS,

ANNA L. WALToN. 

